Sunday, July 12, 2009

Can Turmeric Relieve Pain?



The Yellow Emperor Ask too: Can Turmeric Relieve Pain?

The White Emperor answer : Yes, it's. Turmeric can relieve a lot pains. It is special used to the body condition is in the Qiji with xueyu, stagnancy of both blood and Qi, that meaings the circulative power stopping with blood traffic. But it can not used for the person who is in the condition of xuexu, deficiency of blood.

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Can Turmeric Relieve Pain? One Doctor's Opinion

Can Turmeric Relieve Pain? One Doctor's Opinion

By DR. SCOTT HAIGSaturday, Jul. 11, 2009

http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1910028,00.html

Four in the morning, four more at night. That's eight big, mustard-yellow capsules every day. They contain nothing but turmeric, a spice. But for Jerry they are medicine. He loves the stuff — says it changed his life.

Now this sort of thing is not uncommon; I'd guess 20 to 30 percent of my patients are into some type of supplements or "nutriceuticals." But Jerry stands out. He's a conservative, older guy from that generation of men who were most definitely not 'in touch with their bodies'. He's practical, worldly wise and skeptical. He's not interested in any other remedies or practices (Monogamy in the supplement world is a true rarity, and it commands respect there too.) He has, in fact, gotten so many friends and acquaintances to use the stuff that it's sold out of the stores where he buys it.

But what got me interested in Jerry's turmeric wasn't his testimonials or even his personality — it was seeing him bounce back from surgery.

Jerry had two bad hips; the joints didn't form quite right as he grew up. They degenerated and started to hurt as he entered his sixties. When he first started coming to me, I gave him the usual anti-inflammatory medications we use for arthritis pain. He had no side effects, but he wasn't helped much either, so he stopped the pills and lived with the pain. Then he found turmeric.

Soon enough, there was no pain at all. And his lower back and hands, which ached before, were also now pain-free. So I was curious last year, at age 73, when he came in and told me he was ready for a hip replacement. "It's just so stiff" is all he would say. He certainly had the limp, the trouble with stairs and the slow rise from a chair that you see in folks with hip arthritis. His x-ray showed the bone-on-bone erosion and plenty of spurring; his examination showed the profound loss of motion you would also expect. Everything said "just do a hip replacement" — except for that one, cardinal feature — pain.

He denied it. Even when I did the twisting maneuver we use to see if it's the hip that hurts, there was no wince, no ouch. I had never done the operation for anyone without pain. I explained this. And as reasonable a person as he is, he still wanted a new hip, "to get rid of the stiffness."

Some kind of denial going on here, was all I could think. I made sure he knew full well what the surgery would entail. He still wanted it. So I did the operation. "Can I keep up with the turmeric in the hospital?" he asked. I saw no reason why not. That's when I actually saw the big yellow capsules, on his bedside table. And when I first gave them any serious thought.

Now alternative medicine doctors and orthopedic surgeons are miles apart on what eating plants can actually fix. Scurvy, nightblindness, constipation and... oh — hunger, are the problems they tell us plants can cure in medical school. Psychosomatic factors are said to underlie all the other "benefits." But I looked and found two well-done scientific papers studying the effects of turmeric on a group of patients who I thought should be far less likely to be affected by psychosomatic factors. Because they were rats.

At the University of Arizona, researchers led by endocrinologist Janet Funk injected a bacterial substance known to cause joint inflammation (which is what arthritis ultimately is) into the bellies of the rodents. If they gave them turmeric first (also by injection into the abdomen) there was far less joint swelling produced. A specific active ingredient of the turmeric worked better still. A rigorous protocol and convincing pictures of the rats' normal and swollen joints convinced me there was a real effect. Further experiments by the group even showed how turmeric turns down inflammation, by blocking production of the protein that turns on the gene that tells tiny blood vessels to grow.

And you just can't research food supplements without bumping into the affable Dr. Andrew Weil (also from Arizona). Yes, he has a dog in the fight, with a financial interest in turmeric-containing products, which have, he strongly claims, benefits ranging from fighting Alzheimers, to breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis and psoriasis. Too many to be true? Maybe. But I also know this: all of these diseases, like Jerry's arthritis, share a common need: they depend on the formation of new blood vessels — basically, on specific local instances of inflammation. And that's what Janet Funk's papers showed the turmeric controls. Between Funk and Weill, what I had seen in Jerry was starting to make sense. But it wasn't the papers that convinced me. It was how Jerry did in the hospital.

Jerry was a post-op marvel. There are some patients in their 70s who surprise us with how quickly they recover from an operation. And yes, we did it the "minimally invasive" way. But Jerry outperformed them all. A week post-op he walked in without a cane, without a limp, got up from a chair faster than I can and showed me a healed surgical wound that looked a month old. The "stiffness" was gone; he now had normal range of motion. Jerry was quite pleased — happy with my job — but there was also an air of pride or confidence, perhaps victory, about him. He was just so convinced that he had been eased, and sped, through the healing process by turmeric.

I still chalked it up, then at least, to psychology. This worked fine until about six weeks ago, when we did his other hip. He got better even faster. Home the second day. No pain meds. Lots of yellow capsules on the table. I decided to get some for myself.

All doctors, or at least, in my opinion, the good ones, utilize a curious faculty, little discussed, called empathy. Is it real? Can one human truly feel what another feels? The answer to this lurks in deep waters; the scientific reality of any human sensation is largely unprovable. There are many professional benefits to feeling what your patient feels though: empathy breaks through communication barriers. It often makes patients like you. Sometimes it can tell you when they're lying. In Jerry's case it told me this for sure: his hip didn't hurt. But was it mental or physical?

I have since experimented with my own aches and pains. We already had some tumeric in the kitchen. It's pretty good on pizza, a mustard/curry taste. Seems to help with pain. People I know, it turns out, are already taking the stuff. Same proud, confident, happy reaction to my using it as Jerry's. And it's all over the internet. It's fun being on this sort of team for a change. Devotees of the magic spice are a bit like those of the holy herb — a cozy klatch of believers with a strong "us vs. them" perception of the world. Fairly logical, not too rigorous scientifically, very empathetic. Does turmeric really work though? Or am I just resonating with Jerry? With a lot more respect for the question, and turmeric takers, I will let you know when I figure it out.

姜黄

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【出处】《唐本草》

【拼音名】Jiānɡ Huánɡ

【别名】宝鼎香(《纲目》),黄姜(《生草药性备要》)。

【来源】为姜科植物姜黄或郁金的根茎。秋,冬采挖,洗净,煮熟至透心为度,晒干,撞去外皮,再晒干。浙江地区将郁金根茎在鲜时切片晒干,名片姜黄。

【原形态】
①姜黄
多年生宿根草本。根粗壮,末端膨大成长卵形或纺锤状块根,灰褐色。根茎卵形,内面黄色,侧根茎圆柱状,红黄色。叶根生;叶片椭圆形或较狭,长20~45厘米,宽6~15厘米,先端渐尖,基部渐狭;叶柄长约为叶片之半,有时几与叶片等长;叶鞘宽,约与叶柄等长。穗状花序稠密,长13~19厘米;总花梗长20~30厘米;苞片阔卵圆形,每苞片内含小花数朵,顶端苞片卵形或狭卵形,腋内无花;萼3钝齿;花冠管上部漏斗状,3裂;雄蕊药隔矩形,花丝扁阔,侧生退化雄蕊长卵圆形;雌蕊1,子房下位,花柱丝状,基部具2棒状体,柱头2唇状。蒴果膜质,球形,3瓣裂。种子卵状长圆形,具假种皮。花期8~11月。
栽培或野生于平原、山间草地或灌木丛中。分布福建、广东、广西、云南、四川、湖北、陕西、江西、台湾等地。
本植物的块根(郁金)亦供药用,另详专条。
②郁金,参见郁金条。

【性状】
①姜黄
为植物姜黄的干燥根茎,呈圆柱形、卵圆形或纺锤形,形似姜而分叉少,长2.5~5.5厘米,直径10~20毫米。表面深黄棕色,常带黄色粉末,多皱缩,并具有明显的环状节及须根残痕。质坚实而重,难折断,断面棕黄色或黄色,角质状或蜡样光泽,近外围有一黄色的环纹,中部常有黄色的筋脉小点。微有香气,味苦辛。咀嚼时唾液染黄色。以圆柱形、外皮有皱纹、断面棕黄色、质坚实者为佳。
主产四川、福建等地。此外,江西、台湾、湖南、陕西、云南等地亦产。
②片姜黄(《临症指南》)
又名:片子姜黄(《纲目》)。为植物郁金根茎的干燥切片,呈长圆形或不规则的片状,大小不一,长3~6厘米,宽1.5~3厘米,厚3毫米左右。外皮灰黄色,粗糙皱缩,有时可见环节及须根痕,切面黄白色或灰黄色,有1圈环纹及多数筋脉小点散在。质坚实,粉质,有筋脉。有姜香气,味苦而辛凉。以片大、色黄白、质坚实、起粉者为佳。
主产浙江。

【化学成份】姜黄含挥发油4.5%、6%。挥发油中含姜黄酮58%、姜油烯25%、水芹烯1%、1,8-桉叶素1%、香桧烯0.5%、龙脑0.5%、去氢姜黄酮等。还含姜黄素0.3%、1.1%、4.8%及阿拉伯糖1.1%,果糖12%、葡萄糖28%,脂肪油、淀粉、草酸盐等。

【药理作用】
①利胆作用
姜黄煎剂及浸剂能增加犬的胆汁分泌,使胆汁成分恢复正常,并增加胆囊收缩,其作用弱而持久,可持续1~2小时。姜黄素或其钠盐有利胆作用,静脉注射于狗,可减少固体成分的含量而增加胆汁分泌量,但从总的绝对值来看,胆盐、胆红素、胆甾醇分泌量均增加,脂肪酸成分保持恒定。另一种同属植物中提出的挥发油增加胆汁分泌,色素则引起胆囊收缩。Curcumen为胆甾醇溶剂,可用以治疗胆道结石。50%姜黄煎剂可促进食欲。
②对子宫的作用
片姜黄及色姜黄煎剂及浸剂(2%盐酸作溶剂)对小白鼠、豚鼠离体子宫呈兴奋作用,对家兔子宫瘘管引起周期性收缩,1次给药可持续5~7小时。
③降压作用
姜黄醇提取液,对麻醉犬表现降压作用,此作用不因注射阿托品及切除迷走神经而受影响。如预先注射麦角流浸膏,可使降压作用翻转为升压作用(与黄连碱的翻转作用有相似之处),醚提取成分降压作用极弱。
④抗菌作用
姜黄素及挥发油部分对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抗菌作用。姜黄水浸剂在试管内对多种皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。煎剂对接种病毒的小鼠,能延长其生存时间,但对在病毒性肝炎墓础上加上化学性(四氯化碳)的肝伤害则无效。此外姜黄制剂可杀蝇。
⑤其他作用
姜黄煎剂有镇痛作用,对离体蛙心引起显著的抑制。

【炮制】姜黄:拣去杂质,用水浸泡,捞起,润透后切片,晾干。片姜黄:拣去杂质及残留须根,刷洗泥屑,晾干。

【性味】
辛苦,温。
①《唐本草》:味辛苦,大寒,无毒。
②《本草拾遗》:味辛,温,无毒。
③李杲:味苦甘辛,大寒,无毒。
④《东医宝鉴》:性热,味辛苦,无毒。

【归经】
入脾、肝经。
①《纲目》:入心、脾。
②《雷公炮制药性解》:入心、肺二经。
③《本草经疏》:入足太阴、厥阴。

【功能主治】
破血,行气,通经,止痛。治心腹痞满胀痛,臂痛,癥瘕,妇女血瘀经闭,产后瘀停腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿。
用于气滞血瘀的胸腹痛、痛经及肢体疼痛,常配元胡、香附。
①《唐本草》:主心腹结积,疰忤,下气,破血,除风热,消痈肿。功力烈于郁金。
②《日华子本草》:治癥瘕血块,痈肿,通月经,治跌扑瘀血,消肿毒;止暴风痛冷气,下食。
③《本草图经》:治气胀及产后败血攻心。
④《纲目》:治风痹臂痛。
⑤《本草正》:除心腹气结气胀,冷气食积疼痛。
⑥《本草述》:治气证痞证,胀满喘噎,胃脘痛,腹胁肩背及臂痛,痹,疝。
⑦《医林纂要》:治四肢之风寒湿痹。
⑧《现代实用中药》:为芳香健胃药,有利胆道及肝脏之消毒作用。用于黄疸,胸满痞闷疼痛。又为止血剂,治吐血、衄血、尿血,并治痔疾。外用于脓肿创伤。

【用法用量】内服:煎汤,1~3钱;或入丸,散。外用:研末调敷。

【注意】
血虚而无气滞血瘀者忌服。

【附方】
①治心痛不可忍:姜黄(微炒)、当归(切,焙)各一两,木香、乌药(微炒)各半两。上四味,捣罗为散,每服二钱匕,煎茱萸醋汤调下。(《圣济总录》姜黄散)
②治九种心痛,发作无时,及虫痛不可忍者:姜黄三分,槟榔半两,干漆(捣碎,炒令烟出)半两,石灰(炒令黄色)一两。上药为细末,每服二钱,温酒调下,不拘时候。(《杨氏家藏方》姜黄散)
③治胃炎,胆道炎,腹胀闷,疼痛,呕吐,黄疸:姜黄一钱五分,黄连六分,肉桂三分,延胡索一钱二分,广郁金一钱五分,绵茵陈一钱五分。水煎服。(《现代实用中药》)
④治臂背痛,非风非痰:姜黄、甘草、羌活各一两,白术二两。每服一两,水煎。腰以下痛,加海桐皮、当归、芍药。(《赤水玄珠》姜黄散)
⑤治室女月水滞涩,调顺营气:姜黄、丁香、当归(切,焙)、芍药各半两。上四味,捣细罗为散,每服二钱匕,温酒调下。经脉欲来,先服此药,不拘时候。(《圣济总录》姜黄散)
⑥治经水先期而至,血涩少,其色赤者:当归、熟地、赤芍、川芎、姜黄、黄芩、丹皮、延胡索、香附(制)各等分。水煎服。(《医宗金鉴》姜芩四物汤)
⑦治妊娠胎漏,下血不止,腹痛:姜黄一两,当归一两(锉,微炒),熟干地黄一两,艾叶一两(微妙),鹿角胶一两(捣碎,炒令黄燥)。上药,捣筛为散,每服四钱,以水一中盏,入生姜半分,枣三枚,煎至六分,去滓,每于食前温服。(《圣惠方》姜黄散)
⑧治产后腹痛:姜黄二分,没药一分。上为末,以水及童子小便各一盏,入药煎至一盏半,分作三服,通口服,约人行五、七里,再进一服。(《普济方》姜黄散)
⑨治一切跌打:桃仁、兰叶、丹皮、姜黄、苏木、当归、陈皮、牛膝、川芎、生地、肉桂、乳香、没药。水、酒、童便煎服。(《伤科方书》姜黄汤)
⑩治牙痛不可忍:姜黄、细辛、白芷等分。上为细末,并擦二、三次,盐汤漱。(《百一选方》姜黄散)
⑾治诸疮癣初生时痛痒:姜黄敷之。(《千金方》)
⑿心痛难忍。用姜黄一两、桂三两,共研为末,每服一钱,醋汤送下。
⒀胎寒腹痛(婴儿啼哭吐乳,大便色青,状如惊风,出冷汗)。用姜黄一钱,没药、没香、乳香各二钱,共研为末,加蜜调成丸了,如芡子大。每服一丸,钩藤煎汤化下。
⒁产后血痛(腹内有血块)。用姜黄、桂心,等分为末,酒冲服一匙,血下尽后即愈。
⒂疮癣初发。用姜黄研末擦上,甚效。

【各家论述】
①《本草拾遗》:姜黄,性热不冷,《本经》云寒,误也。
②《纲目》:姜黄、郁金、蒁药三物,形状功用皆相近,但郁金入心治血,而姜黄兼入脾,兼治气,蒁药则入肝,兼治气中之血,为不同尔。古方五痹汤,用片子姜黄治风寒湿气手臂痛。戴原礼《要诀》云,片子姜黄能入手臂治痛,其兼理血中之气可知。
③《本草经疏》:姜黄,其味苦胜辛劣,辛香燥烈,性不应寒。…苦能泄热,辛能散结,故主心腹结积之属血分者。兼能治气,故又云下气。总其辛苦之力,破血除风热,消痈肿,其能事也。《日华子》谓其能治癥瘕血块,又通月经及扑损瘀血,苏颂谓其祛邪辟恶,治气胀及产后败血攻心,…何莫非下气破血辛走苦泄之功欤。察其气味治疗,乃介乎京三棱、郁金之药也。
④《本草述》:姜黄,试阅方书诸证之主治,如气证、痞证、胀满、喘、噎、胃皖痛、腹胁肩背及臂痛、痹,疝,虽所投有多寡,然何莫非以气为其所治之的,…未有专为治血而用兹味,如《本草》所说也。且此味亦不等于破决诸剂,…此味能致血化者,较与他血药有原委,不察于是,而漫谓其破血,讵知姜黄不任受’破’之一字也。
⑤《本草求真》:姜黄,功用颇类郁金、三棱、蓬术、延胡索,但郁金入心,专泻心胞之血;莪术入肝,治气中之血;三棱入肝,治血中之气;延胡索则于心肝血分行气,气分行血;此则入脾,既治气中之血,复兼血中之气耳。陈藏器曰:此药辛少苦多,性气过于郁金,破血立通,下气最速,凡一切结气积气,癥瘕瘀血,血闭痈疽,并皆有效,以其气血兼理耳,
⑥《本草求原》:姜黄,益火生气,辛温达火化气,气生化则津液行于三阴三阳,清者注于肺,浊者注于经、溜于海,而血自行,是理气散结而兼泄血也。
⑦《本草正义》:姜黄始见《唐本草》,称其辛苦大寒,藏器已辨其非,谓辛少苦多,性热不冷,则《唐本》寒字,盖亦传写之误。石顽谓有二种。按:今市肆姜黄,确有二种,名片姜黄者,是本已切为厚片,而后晒干,形似干姜,色不黄,质亦不坚,治风寒湿者即此。又一种则坚实光亮,其色深黄,乃如郁金,是为染色之用,不入药剂者。《唐本》谓治心腹结积,疰忤,下气破血,盖辛能散,温能通,故可破结辟恶,消瘀下气,是物功用,即在此数者之中。然又谓除风热,消痈肿,功力烈于郁金,则正以入血泄散,故痈疡之坚肿可消;疡科普通敷药之如意金黄散用之,即是此意。固非疏风清热之作用,而乃竟以为除风热,宜乎有辛苦大寒之误矣。

【摘录】《*辞典》
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